Data Requirements Strategic Supply Chain Management Essay

Data Requirements Strategic Supply Chain Management - Essay Example With these essential elements of the production process in the manufacturing of goods, the parts should be recorded in terms of the descriptions, brand and any other associated data. For instance, the term "bill of materials" may be used by various parts of the enterprise such as engineering, manufacturing, service and sales; although they may all have different definitions of what the bill of materials actually means. Even the basic terms "product" and "parts" may have several definitions within an enterprise. Since a manufacturing company makes use of numerous parts, inventory will help them with communicating clearly with other departments as to which parts are still needed or which have defects and have to be replaced, etc. An effective manufacturing product data model can lead to more integrated and comprehensive product data and information by clearly showing the information requirements of the products, parts and items throughout their life cycle from engineering to manufacturing to the deployment of products at customer locations. Relevant data which may be included in the record are the part identification number, name, and classification which may range from raw material, subassembly or finished good. Raw material is a piece used in making the product and does not need further enhancements for it to be usable. Subassembly means that the part is still composed of other parts. Finished good means that the part is completely done and processed and is ready for shipping. Product information need to indicate the product identification number, name, description, introduction date, sales discontinuation date, support discontinuation date and comments. Bills of materials and marketing packages are also part of the data required for manufacturing process. Manufacturers frequently use the term "bill of materials" to refer to how various parts are assembled into other parts and eventually into products. An enterprise may have a need to store parts used in a MARKETING PACKAGE that are never sold as individual products. Bills of materials consist of parent product identification number, child product identification number, from date, thru date, reason, quantity used, instructions and comments. Part composition has the same information with the bills of materials except for the classification which are engineering composition and manufacturing composition. Types of marketing offerings and types of parts that make up the marketing offerings are important and aside fro this inventory and deployment data should complete the data requirements for manufacturing process. Of course, there are actual physical items that may exist within the enterprise's inventory or that may be deployed at customer locations. Customer service data requirements deals with customer personal data which ranges from financial information, demographics, contact information professional and educational; background. These customer data are confidential and restricted access is provided with the creation and update of these records. While such "point deployments" bring immediate process and data efficiencies to the particular

Froogle Inc. Strategy Essay Example for Free

Froogle Inc. Strategy Essay Mary, a small business owner in Vermont whose company specializes in the manufacture and sale of ski equipment to Vermont ski resorts, signs a contract with Froogle, Inc. an internet corporation with principal place of business in California, which allows Mary to advertise her business on Froogle’s internet search engine. All of Mary’s business dealings with Froogle are done either by telephone or via internet; she has never been to California. Two months into the business relationship Froogle states that Mary has violated their agreement which prompts Froogle to file a lawsuit against Mary in the California court system. Does the State of California County of Monterey in Salinas have personal jurisdiction over Mary? In order for a state (California) to have personal jurisdiction over a non resident defendant (Mary) the defendant must have established minimum contacts: (1) purposeful direction of activities towards the forum: Boschetto v. Hansing, 539 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2008) – â€Å"minimum contacts†. Without greater interactivity between Mary’s advertisement for her Vermont based business dealings and the residents of California, personal jurisdiction would not be appropriate: Mink v AAAA Development L.L.C., 190 F.3d 333 (5th Cir. 199) In order to establish if a plaintiff’s state forum has personal jurisdiction over a non resident defendant they must prove that the nonresident defendant (whom has never traveled to California and does not target there business advertising at California residents) had sufficient amount of contact with the state. A passive website advertising that is not directed at the residents of California is not enough to establish personal jurisdiction. Therefore, the state of California would not have personal jurisdiction over Mary.

Symbol of the Bull in Greenleaf Essays -- Flannery OConnor Greenleaf

Symbol of the Bull in Greenleaf Animals are often used by authors of novels and short stories as literary symbols. In "Greenleaf," a short story by Flannery O'Connor, a bull is used to represent Jesus Christ. O'Connor does this according to how the bull looks, how it is rejected, and how it seems to offer grace to Mrs. May. The first way O'Connor uses the bull to represent Christ is by appearance. A few times in the story the bull seems to be lit up like the sun or by the moon. This is comparable to Jesus because many people imagine Christ as a person or a spirit with rays of light flowing from Him. Also, to believers, Christ is their light as He leads them in life. Another time the bull looks like Christ occurs when it has the wreath stuck on its horns. O'Connor writ... Symbol of the Bull in Greenleaf Essays -- Flannery O'Connor Greenleaf Symbol of the Bull in Greenleaf Animals are often used by authors of novels and short stories as literary symbols. In "Greenleaf," a short story by Flannery O'Connor, a bull is used to represent Jesus Christ. O'Connor does this according to how the bull looks, how it is rejected, and how it seems to offer grace to Mrs. May. The first way O'Connor uses the bull to represent Christ is by appearance. A few times in the story the bull seems to be lit up like the sun or by the moon. This is comparable to Jesus because many people imagine Christ as a person or a spirit with rays of light flowing from Him. Also, to believers, Christ is their light as He leads them in life. Another time the bull looks like Christ occurs when it has the wreath stuck on its horns. O'Connor writ...

Job roles at Tescos Essay

A Director is also sometimes known as chief executive officer. CEO are the main â€Å"bosses† of PLC’s-Public limited Companies- The title reflects his or her role as both a member of the Board of Directors but also as the senior manager. In large Companies, including investment banks and other financial institutions, â€Å"Director/Managing Director† does not refer to the chief executive but can rather refer to the head of a major business unit. Even though it is known as CEO in some cases, companies prefer the term Director or Managing Director. The responsibility and the role of a CEO is to make sure the company is functioning properly financially. They are the main people who give instructions to employee’s lower status to them. The Directors are the face of the business. They have a huge responsibility as if the company becomes corrupt or bankrupt this will be due to the director not making correct choices. A Managing Director usually has job security because the board rely on them to keep the company running correctly, if the board decides to fire the director it would be really difficult to find a replacement quickly, therefore it would cost the company quite a lot of money. Because of this usually the job of a CEO is secured. Typical day to day jobs of a Managing Director range from making strategic planning to dealing with customers. Skills, qualifications and personal qualities needed to be a Managing director range from University level degree to peer to peer skills in order for them to communicate accordingly with customers. Managing director are highly appreciated for their work, therefore are paid quite large amounts of salaries, these salary begin from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½65,000 and can lead up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500,000. The benefit of a CEO is that they get paid bonuses in the end if they are PLC Company. These bonuses range from 50%+ of the original salary. The CEO/Managing Director of Tesco’s is Terry Leahy. The role and day to day jobs of Terry include making final decisions on things like if Tesco’s wants to create more branches or close down branches. Mr Leahy might also be involved into making decisions such as if Tesco as a whole want a redecoration or they want a new logo. Again Terry Leahy is the face Tesco; he reflects the popularity of Tesco. Operative: Tesco’s operative’s key responsibilities are to offer customer service for their customers. For example, if they are a cashier they will offer customer service when the customers buy products from the till, where as if the they are a shelf stacker they may help customers who are looking for a specific product or give them advice about particular products they might be interested in. A Tesco operative isn’t considered usually as a secure job. The reason being, to be an operative you don’t require a lot of skills, because of this it means that a large amount of people fit this criteria, therefore Tesco’s wouldn’t hesitate to quickly fire the operative as they would have a handful of people to select the new operative from. Tesco also likes to employ their operatives on temporary contracts. This means that by law it is easy for Tesco to get rid of the employee. The only way a Tesco’s operative could get a little bit of security would be if they sign a permanent contract. This means that it would be legally much harder for the company-Tesco- to fire the operative. Usually an operative wouldn’t be offered a permanent contract without previously completing a temporary contract. The basic skills that a operative will need is ranged from good communication skills, and to have basic English and maths skills, also on top of these educational skill they will also need a common sense and a sense of humour. They will need to be organised and well presented. No degree is usually needed to qualify as an operative, but obviously a GCSE will be taken as a good factor. The wages of an operative usually ranges from minimum to around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7 an hour. Operatives are rarely paid their salaries in a yearly basis. Benefits which affect a Tesco’s operative would be things like a certain amount discount on the companies products, the operative would also be entitled to around about 4-5 weeks paid holiday per year. Manager: The managers, of a branch of Tesco’s have important responsibilities. These range from ensuring that their operatives and supervisors are working to their full potential and that the department or the store is meeting their day to day targets. For example an overall Tesco store manager will have much more responsibilities than for example a meat department manager. The tasks of a Tesco’s store manager would range from ensuring if for example the meat department has enough supplies for the week, or if bakery departments needs more flour to bake bread, the manager might need to arrange the sources. The managers at Tesco’s usually have a stable and secure job. This is explained because to apply for a position like a manager, you will need either have a lot of experience working for Tesco, or another supermarket, or will need to have degrees at a higher level of education. Usually managers of Tesco’s have worked their way up from starting at a lower place like an Operative, and through years of experience they reach the managers position. However reaching a managers position this way is very difficult as it takes a lot of patience and hard work. The other way of getting a job as a manager of Tesco’s, might be to get a business masters degree, although again, this takes a few years of studying in university, and there is only a small range of people who have these type of qualifications in the labour market. The role of the manager of Tesco’s is very different to the job role of an operative. The job of a manager requires a large range of skill; as they will have many decisions to make and problems to conquer. The store manager of a certain branch of Tesco’s might need to make decisions from such as if they need to fire a certain employee at that branch to decide whether or not to change the layout of the Tesco. Another serious problem a manager will be facing would be deciding how to react with the complaints of the stores customers. As you can see the manager has a large amount of responsibility when it comes to decision making, this is why either experience or qualifications is a must, so the person makes the correct decision. The skills which a manager of a supermarket will need will range from good communications skills-in orders to deal upfront with customer’s complaints- to being a proven leader, a motivator in order to lead his or her employees to complete the aims of Tesco the fastest and most efficient way. They need to be able to do independent work, to be organised, committed and hardworking. A sense of humour is also a skill which they need; this comes in handy with the communication with the customers, and is a big asset in solving day to day problems, such as complaints. As a standard procedure, benefits come with the job of being a manager. These benefits are much better than the benefits of a standard operative. Managers are paid in a annual salary-per annum. The amount will vary on the size of the store of Tesco, for example if it’s a Tesco express not a standard big Tesco and the amount of qualifications the individual has. The amount ranges from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½35,000. The contract of a manager may state that they are contracted to work 40 hours per week, and this is all they will be paid for, however they may find themselves working longer hours then problems might occur. The benefits of a manager include larger discounts on Tesco’s products compare to operatives, and unlike the 4-5 weeks of paid holiday for operative, the managers will get 5-6 weeks of paid holidays per year. C-Grade A contract of employment is a contract binding under the law of United Kingdom, between the employee and the employer-Tesco’s- stating the terms and conditions of the employment. Explanation of sales operatives contract of employment Salary: A sales assistant is paid just above minimum wage, at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6.50 per hours. A salary is a form of a periodic payment from an employer to an employee, which is specified in the contract of employment, while the wage is a payment for a certain unit of labour for a certain unit of time. The reason for such a small wage for a sales assistant is because this doesn’t require a lot of experience and qualifications, in fact if you can count its enough to be a sales assistant. Date paid: A sales assistant salary day is usually paid monthly, and during the end of the month and is important because this is the day they receive payment for the service which they have provided. Hours of Work: Sales assistant work for around 40 hours a week, over a 5 day period which Name of the contracted parties: This is where the employer and the employee are named with there addresses Starting date of the employee: This is the date of which the employee has begun working at Tesco’s. Job title and description: This is one of the most important sections in the contract, due to the fact that this is the bit where it is fully described on what the employee has to do, and what fits into their jobs guidelines. Address of workplace: This is the section where it clearly states the address of the place the employee will be working every day, and where they should go to every morning. Holiday entitlement: This is the section where it states how much holidays an employee is allowed. Usually for a sales operative on average its 4 weeks (20 days) of paid holiday per year. And every year after the first year an amount of 1 day is added to the paid holidays. Sickness entitlement: Contractual sick pay: the employee will receive their normal salary for a period of 4 weeks, in any 12 month period where a doctor’s certificate is produced after 7 consecutive days of sickness. Payments will be less statutory sick pay and any social security’s benefit due to the employee. So the sales operative would only be allowed to take 7 sick days off without a doctor’s note. Devoting full time to the company: This shows that the sales operative will need to devote their full attention to their job when they are at work. They are not allowed to spend any time phoning friends, or furthering other business interest at a time which Tesco is paying them. Reimburse of expenses: If a Tesco’s employee like the sales operative spends any money on the business of Tesco’s, then they need to keep the receipts so Tesco’s reimburse the amount in which the employee has spent. Disability: If a Tesco’s employee is injured at the workplace, Tesco’s are legally obliged to pay for their medical costs. Notice Periods: Time In Employment Minimum Notice Under 1 Month No Notice Over 1 Month 1 Week 2 Years Service 2 Weeks 3 to 12 years service One week for each year to a maximum of 12 weeks. Death Benefits: If one of the Tesco’s employees dies, then Tesco’s are legally obliged to compensate the family of the employee who just died. Oral Moderation not binding: This means that anything that are orally changed that might be made to the contract are not binding under the law of the United Kingdom. And if both the employee and the employer wish to have this a legal matter, they will need to write it down, agreed , and then Tesco’s and the employee have to both sign it Both the employee and the employer have to sign the contract otherwise, it is not a legally binding contract and can not be used in the court of law, if in any case needed.

Case Study: Impact of Mining

PFII/2007/WS. 3/7 Original: English UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS Division for Social Policy and Development Co-organizers Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Government of Khabarovsk Krai and the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) INTERNATIONAL EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT KHABAROVSK, RUSSIAN FEDERATION AUGUST 27. -29, 2007 Case Study on the Impacts of Mining and Dams on theEnvironment and Indigenous Peoples in Benguet, Cordillera, Philippines Paper by CORDILLERA PEOPLES ALLIANCE I. Background Land and People of Benguet The Cordillera region in Northern Luzon, Philippines, is homeland to more than 1 million indigenous peoples belonging to at least 8 distinct ethnic groups collectively known as Igorots. Two of these ethnic groups, the Ibaloy and the Kankanaey, are found in the province of Benguet, which occupies 265,538 hectares of the Cordillera r egion’s total land area of 1. million hectares. The Ibaloy people live in the southeastern portion, occupying 8 of the province’s 13 towns. The Kankanaey, meanwhile dominate the northeast areas of Benguet. Benguet’s fertile land along the rivers and gold ore in the mountains saw the emergence of distinct villages engaged in various economic activities. Gold mining communities rose in the gold-rich areas in Itogon, while gold-trading villages were established along strategic mountain passes and trails. Rice-growing villages emerged in the river valleys.Swidden farming combined with gold panning in the streams and rivers. Land ownership among the Ibaloy and Kankanaey is traditionally recognized by prior occupation, investment of labor and permanent improvements on the land, specifically irrigation systems and retaining stonewalls of the ricefields. The community shares access rights to the forests, rivers, and creeks, and the fruits of these lands and waters are o pen to those who gathered them. [1] Entry of mining, construction of dams Mining has a long history in the Philippines.Small scale mining has been practiced by Philippine peoples for at least ten centuries, and large scale mining by foreign as well as Filipino firms for about a century. Little is known, though, about mining prior to the coming of the Spanish colonialists in the 16th century. [2] Corporate mining in Benguet started during the Spanish colonial period when Spanish businessmen secured a mining concession from the Igorots in Mancayan and launched the operations of the Sociedad Minero-Metalurgica Cantabro-Filipina de Mancayan in 1856. This mine eventually closed down.When the Americans arrived in the 1900s, they entered into contracts with local families to file legal claims to mineral-bearing land. These claims were later used by American prospectors to create the mining companies that would dominate the mining industry in Benguet. These were Benguet Corporation, Atok Bi g Wedge, Itogon-Suyoc Mines and Lepanto Consolidated. [3] In the 1950s, the Agno River in Benguet was tapped as a source of hydropower. The first dam to be built along the Agno River was the Ambuklao Dam, followed by the Binga Dam.Twelve (12) other run-of-river mini-hydros, all privately operated, were also built in other parts of Benguet. In the 1980s, widespread people’s resistance forced the Marcos government and the World Bank to give up its plans for major dam projects in the region. However, the Ramos government took advantage of the energy crisis in the 1990s and initiated with Japanese funding, the construction of the San Roque Multipurpose Project. The San Roque dam is the third dam to be built along the Agno River, located in the boundary between Benguet and Pangasinan province of Central Luzon. 4] II. Mining Operations, Dams and Impacts on the Indigenous Peoples of Benguet Mines and Dams Present in Benguet The province of Benguet has hosted 14 mining companies sinc e corporate mining started in 1903. Some of these mines have closed down while others have continued. Presently operating in Benguet are two large mines using high technology for large-scale mineral extraction. These are the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company (operating for 70 years) and the Philex Mining Corporation (operating since 1955).Benguet Corporation, the oldest mining company in the country, abandoned its operations in 1997 after mining for almost a century. The abandoned open pit mine site, underground tunnels, waste dump sites, mill, diversion tunnels and tailings dams in Itogon still remain today. The company now has ongoing contract mining arrangements with small scale miners. Itogon-Suyoc mines closed down in 1997, but is now negotiating with foreign investors to reopen its mines. In addition, new mining explorations and applications are now coming into other parts of Benguet with renewed efforts by the government to invite foreign investments.These applications of v arious kinds, numbering 138, are found in all 13 municipalities of the province covering 147,618. 9 hectares or 55. 7% of the province’s total land area. This figure is aside from the area already covered by past and existing mines. Thus we have a situation where most of the total land area of Benguet is covered by past, ongoing and future mining operations. Accompanying mining operations is the construction of tailings dams needed to contain the mine wastes. These tailings dams were built across the river beds in various parts of Benguet.However, most tailings dams are not leak proof and have not been strong enough to withstand torrential currents during the typhoon season, and the major earthquake that rocked Northern Luzon in 1990. Through the years, tailings dams in Benguet have proved incapable of containing the volume of tailings that came from the mills. Time and again, these tailings have breached their dams. Benguet Corporation constructed 5 tailings dams. Lepanto ha s 5 tailings dams, 2 of which collapsed. Philex has 3 tailings dams, 2 of which collapsed in 1992 and 1994. In 2001, tailings breached another Philex dam.Itogon-Suyoc has 1 tailings dam that collapsed in 1994. Thus we have a situation where burst, broken, weak and leaking tailings dams dot the major river systems of the province – the Abra River, Agno River, Antamok River and Bued River. Another concern is the series of three mega hydroelectric dams built along the Agno River – the Ambuklao, Binga and San Roque dams – that block the river flow to generate electricity. The power generated by these dams has gone to supply the power needs of the mining companies as well as the overall power demand of the Luzon Grid.However, Ambuklao and Binga dams are dying and no longer fully operational, crippled by the voluminous silt that has accumulated in the reservoirs, upstream and beyond. The San Roque dam, which has the generating capacity of 345 megawatts, is now generat ing only 18 megawatts. Impacts of Mines and Dams The combination of mines and dams in Benguet has had devastating impacts on the environment and on the Kankanaey and Ibaloy people in the province. These impacts have not only caused serious environmental destruction and suffering for the affected communities, but have also violated the collective rights of the indigenous peoples.As proven by the experience of the Benguet indigenous peoples, large-scale corporate mining and dams destroy, pollute, disrupt agricultural economies, and displace indigenous peoples. 1. Land destruction, subsidence and water loss Corporate mining in Benguet is done by surface mining as well as underground tunneling and block caving. Also significant are other surface excavations by the mining companies for the installation of facilities, such as portals for deep mining, lumber yards, ore trains, mills, tailings ponds, power houses, mine administration offices, and employee housing. 5] Open pit mining is the most destructive as it requires removing whole mountains and excavation of deep pits. Generally, open pits need to be very big – sometimes more than 2. 5 kilometres long. In order to dig these giant holes, huge amounts of earth need to be moved, forests cleared, drainage systems diverted, and large amounts of dust let loose. According to the Benguet Corporation, â€Å"Any open-pit mining operation, by the very nature of its method, would necessarily strip away the top soil and vegetation of the land. [6] Sure enough, open-pit mining in Itogon by Benguet Corporation has removed whole mountains and entire villages from the land surface. After exhausting the gold ore, the open pit in Itogon is now abandoned as the company has shifted to other economic ventures like water privatization. Not known to many, Philex also practices open pit mining in Camp 3, Tuba, Benguet, presently affecting 98 hectares of land. The affected area is continuously expanding as the open pit mine operat ions of Philex continue. The land damage has displaced homes and communities and caused the people to lose their lands.Meanwhile, underground block-caving operations by Philex and Lepanto have induced surface subsidence and ground collapse. In Mankayan, where Lepanto is operating, the land surface in populated areas is sinking, causing damage to buildings, farms and property. In July 1999, Pablo Gomez, a villager in Mankayan, was killed when he was suddenly swept away in a landslide along with the Colalo Primary School building. 71 million cubic feet of earth gave way beneath him, covering and destroying 14 hectares of farming land. [7]Aside from land subsidence, the water tables have also subsided as deep mining tunnels and drainage tunnels disrupt groundwater paths. Tunneling often leads to a long-term lowering of the water table. In 1937, a disaster hit Gumatdang, Itogon’s oldest rice-producing village. Atok-Big Wedge drove in two gigantic tunnels on opposite sides of the village, immediately draining the water from its most abundant irrigation sources. In 1962, Benguet Corporation drove in another drainage tunnel that stretched between its Kelly mine in Gumatdang and its mines in Antamok.Instead of just draining water from the mines, the tunnel drained the water from a major irrigation source, drying up ricefields. Ventilation shafts have also drawn water away from surface streams, irrigation canals, and pondfields. In addition, the felling of timber to shore up underground tunnels has denuded surrounding watersheds, aggravating water loss. [8] Not only does mining cause water subsidence, it also deprives farming communities of much-needed water. The industry requires large volumes of water for mining, milling and waste disposal.Mining companies have privatized numerous natural water sources in Itogon and Mankayan for the purpose. Now, the people in many mining-affected communities have to buy water for drinking and domestic use from outside sources through water delivery trucks, or by lining up for hours in the few remaining water sources to fill up a gallon of water. 2. Pollution of Water and Soil Open-pit and underground bulk mining by Philex in Tuba and Lepanto in Mankayan generate ore and tailings at a rate of up to 2,500 metric tons per mine per day. 9] Toxic mine tailings are usually impounded in tailings dams. However, when pressure in the tailings dams builds up, especially during times of heavy rainfall, the mining companies drain their tailings dams of water or face the risk of having the dams burst or collapse. In either case, the tailings eventually find their way out, polluting the water and silting up the rivers and adjacent lands. People of Mankayan remember the Abra River before the mine. It was deep and narrow, just 5 meters wide, full of fish and surrounded by verdant rice paddies.Now there is a wide gorge of barren land on either side of the polluted river. Fruit trees and animals have died from the poisone d water and rice crops are stunted. [10] When Lepanto started operations in 1936, the company dumped mine tailings and waste straight into the river. It was only in the 1960’s that the first tailings dam was built. The dam was abandoned after less than 10 years and the land became unsuitable for agriculture. Tailings dam 2 was constructed in the 1970s. Its collapse caused the contamination of nearby ricefields.Tailings Dam 3 and a diversion tunnel gave way in 1986 during a strong typhoon. Another spillway collapsed after a typhoon in 1993. The spilled tailings encroached on riverbanks and destroyed ricefields downstream. They also caused the riverbed to rise and the polluted water to backflow into other tributaries of the Abra River. [11] An Environmental Investigative Mission (EIM) in September 2002 indictaed that heavy metal content (lead, cadmium and copper) was elevated in the soil and waters downstream from the Lepanto mine.Water samples from the Abra River were found to have low level pH (acidic) capable of solubilizing heavy metals. One resident who used gravel taken from the Mankayan River for construction of his house reported that the steel bar reinforcements were corroded after a few months. The same EIM report revealed dissolved oxygen readings at the CIP Mill Outlet and at Tailings Dam 5A to be below 2 mg/L. Aquatic life cannot survive in conditions where dissolved oxygen is below 2 mg/L.Sulfuric acid is also believed to be the cause of the â€Å"rotten eggs† smell that residents report when mine tailings are released into the Mankayan River during heavy rainfall. Another concern is the high amount of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) found at various points of the Mankayan River downstream from Tailings Dam 5A. [12] Abandoned mine sites like Benguet Corporation and Itogon-Suyoc Mines in Itogon have long-term damaging impacts on rivers and their surrounding fields because of the build up of acidic mine wat er.Acid mine drainage comes from both surface and underground mine workings, waste rock, tailings piles and tailings ponds. [13] Pollution of this kind can continue long after a mine is closed or abandoned, and the water that leaches into the ecosystem is frequently acidic, killing rivers and posing health risks to local communities. [14] 3. Siltation Siltation of rivers is a serious problem in Benguet resulting from mining operations and dam construction. The Ambuklao and Binga dams are stark examples of the detrimental impacts of siltation and megadams on rivers.The steadily rising level of silt in the dam reservoirs and along the Agno River upstream of the dams is covering a wider and wider area around the dams and continues to destroy more and more rice fields. In the case of the Ambuklao dam, the communities of Bangao and Balacbac were located far above the predicted water level of the dam and 17 kilometers away from the predicted edge of the reservoir. These two communities ar e now inundated because of the rising water level and accumulation of silt upstream along the Agno River. Government authorities dismiss the increasing siltation as a natural phenomenon.However, the Ibaloy people know that the dams are the real culprit. The farmlands and communities were never affected by silt before the dams were built despite storms and earthquakes. The dams blocked the free flow of water and silt down to the lowlands. Silt deposits built up in the dam reservoir and blocked oncoming silt that receded backwards upstream, swamping and inundating all farmlands and communities within reach. [15] In the case of the Philex, a tailings dam collapsed in 1992, releasing some 80 million tons of tailings and causing heavy siltation in the irrigation system downstream.The company paid Php5 million to the affected farmers. Again, during a typhoon in 2001, another tailings dam of Philex collapsed. Ricefields in San Manuel and Binalonan, Pangasinan, were buried in toxic silt a m eter deep. This time, Philex refused to admit responsibility for the disaster putting the blame on nature. [16] In the case of Lepanto, the downstream impact of tailings disposal is that along a 25-kilometer stretch of the Abra River, some 465 hectares of riceland have been washed out. [17] Further, Lepanto’s claim that Tailings Dam 5A is actually helping to contain siltation is deceiving.The high level of TDS and TSS from the CIP Mill Outlet up to Tailings Dam 5A indicates that the silt originates from company operations and is not due to natural siltation. [18] 4. Serious health problems due to water, soil and air pollution Contamination of water, soil and air contributes to increased toxic build-up in people’s bodies. Asthma and other respiratory problems often affect local communities as well as mine workers. When people’s health deteriorates, their ability to work and earn money is reduced even further. The old and the young are particularly vulnerable. [19 ]In 1985, a copper ore dryer was installed by Lepanto. The copper dryer affected the 3 barangays of Paco, Colalo and Cabiten in Mankayan. Local residents complained of abnormal withering of crops, sickness and death of domestic animals and high incidence of respiratory ailments. The company was forced to close down the dryer in the face of people’s opposition. [20] The most common symptoms felt by residents of Mankayan who have inhaled chemical fumes emanating from the mine are: headache, dizziness, cough, chest pain, nasal and eye irritation. Other symptoms reported are itching of the skin, rashes and diarrhea.Some residents report that wounds take longer to heal when exposed to the water of the Abra River. Because of past adverse reactions, people avoid contact with the river water. They do not allow children to bathe in the river. Nor do they let their animals drink from it. Incidence of cancer is a cause for further study as it is among the top 3 causes of mortality in so me affected communities. [21] Women are primarily responsible for maintaining the health of the family and the community. As such, women have to carry the burden of ill health arising from environmental destruction and pollution due to mining operations.At the height of the open pit mine and mill in Itogon, some pregnant women suffered miscarriage, while others experienced diseases of the skin, respiratory tract and blood when exposed to toxic fumes emanating from the mill. The drying up of natural water sources in another contributory factor in the poor health and sanitation in the community. [22] 5. Loss of Flora, Fauna, Biodiversity, and food insecurity The drainage area of the Abra River is home to about 1689 species of plants belonging to 144 families, including 177 species of orchids in 47 genera. More than half (51. %) of the plants found within the area are classified as endemics with 60. 7% of all the orchids classified as such. Benguet has the highest plant species diversi ty within the river basin area compared to other provinces. The EIM conducted in September 2002 noted gross differences between the waterways located directly below the Lepanto mining operations and tributaries originating from sources elsewhere. When the company started a fishpond in March 2001, all the fingerlings died after only 4 days. Aquatic organisms like udang (shrimp) and igat (eel) are reportedly becoming rare.Residents observed fish disease and deformities, aside from a drop in the fish catch. Fishkills occur every rainy season, attributed to the release of water from the tailings dams by the company. The loss in aquatic life is a major change in the life support system of the communities who rely on the river for daily food. Not only are livelihood sources affected, but so is the general biodiversity damaged, causing breakdowns in the food web. Once-common birds and tree species have disappeared. Among the bird species reported now to be rarely seen are: pagaw, tuklaw an d kannaway.Trees such as the kamantires and burbala were also identified to be no longer in significant quantities. [23] 6. Dislocation of Indigenous People from Ancestral Land and Traditional Livelihoods Large-scale corporate mining and dams have dislocated the indigenous Kankanaey and Ibaloy people from their ancestral lands and traditional livelihoods. Dams have caused the loss of ancestral lands to inundation and siltation. Descendants of families displaced by dams have been reduced to illegal occupants in the dam’s watershed areas or settlers in land owned by others.Mining patents granted by the government to mining companies have denied indigenous communities of their rights to ownership and control over their ancestral lands and resources. In terms of livelihood, mining concessions have taken over lands used by indigenous peoples for their traditional livelihoods – ricefields, vegetable gardens, swiddens, hunting and grazing livestock. Rice fields along riverban ks have been damaged by siltation. Garden cultivators have lost their crops to surface subsidence. Traditional small scale miners have lost their pocket mines and gold panning sites to the big mines and dams.Some communities have lost entire mountainsides, burial sites and hunting grounds to ground collapse and deep open pits. Traditional fishing is no longer possible in polluted rivers, replaced by commercial fishponds in dam reservoirs. An additional impact is the violation of the collective rights of the indigenous Kankanaey and Ibaloy people of their collective rights to self-determination and cultural integrity as they are displaced from the land and community that is the basis of their continued existence and identity.III. People’s Alternatives People’s alternatives to corporate mining and dams and indigenous systems of sustainable resource utilization and management can be found in indigenous communities in the Cordillera. The Ibaloy and Kankanaey people of Beng uet continue to practice traditional small-scale mining till today. Traditional methods of pocket-mining and gold panning are crude but environment-friendly and have been passed down through generations since the 16th century.Small-scale mining is a community affair and access to resources is defined by customary laws, characterized by equitable sharing, cooperation and community solidarity. Men, women, children and the elderly each have a role to play in the extraction and processing of the ore. They extract only enough gold to meet their basic necessities and receive their share of the gold based on an equitable sharing system. However, as communities are deprived of their land and resources, these traditional small-scale mining methods and positive values are now under threat of vanishing.An alternative source of energy are microhydro dams as opposed to megadams. The experience of the micro-hydro project (MHP) of the Chapyusen Mangum-uma Organization (CMO) in the Cordillera prove s the viability of a community-based and community-owned power system to provide energy for lighting, rice milling, sugar pressing, blacksmithing and carpentry. The MHP has built up the people’s capacity to develop their own local resources while ensuring affordable access of poor households to electricity.It also became an opportunity for the people to improve their organization by participating in all phases of project implementation. The observance of ubfo or the traditional system of labor exchange in community mobilization has had a positive outcome by restoring traditional cooperative practices and the free utilization and exchange of individual skills towards a common objective. [24] IV. Recommendations The experience of the Kankanaey and Ibaloy people brings to a fore the need for changes in the development paradigm and policies affecting indigenous peoples.The following recommendations, arising from various reports and fact-finding missions, are forwarded for conside ration by the United Nations, by international financial institutions, mining and dam companies and national governments: 1. The international community should develop minimum standards for the protection of the environment and human rights that are binding on all countries and companies, based on the highest existing standards, and with effective monitoring and sanctions imposed on the offending parties, be it the national government, funding institutions, or the companies. . There exists the Akwe:Kon voluntary guidelines, developed under the Convention of Biological Diversity, for the conduct of cultural, environmental and social impact assessments regarding developments proposed to take place on, or which are likely to impact on sacred sites and on lands and waters traditionally occupied or used by indigenous and local communities.These guidelines should be made binding rather than voluntary and could be adopted as a minimum standard by international financial institutions and na tional governments when implementing development projects affecting indigenous peoples. 3. Countries that are home to transnational companies should enact legislation that will require those companies to operate using the same standards wherever they operate in the world.Home countries whose nationals and corporate entities inflict damage in developing countries, particularly on indigenous peoples, should impose some form of penalty on the offending parties. 4. An international system should be created to allow complaints to be filed by affected indigenous communities against companies, governments and financial institutions whose development programs and interventions violate the rights of ownership and control by indigenous peoples over their ancestral land, territories and resources and cause serious destruction of the environment. . In the case of Benguet where the indigenous people have already suffered and will continue to suffer enormous damage to their lands and environment due to the long-term impacts of mining and dams, proper and immediate compensation and reparation should be provided to all affected people to include adequate monetary compensation, sustainable livelihood, alternative land, employment and other sources of regular income. A program for the restoration and rehabilitation of lands and waters destroyed by mines and dams should also be implemented. . Past experience has shown that no monetary compensation nor livelihood project could replace or surpass the destroyed ancestral land and traditional livelihoods of affected indigenous peoples. The solution to restoring the living quality and to stop the permanent destruction of the environment is to stop destructive large-scale corporate mining and decommission unviable tailings dams and megadams. Alternatives such as chemical-free traditional small scale mining methods and community-based microhydros need to be promoted and supported. . National legislation and policy on the liberalization of mining and the energy industry need to be reviewed and revised as these have proven detrimental to indigenous peoples in different parts of the country. A new mining policy should support the Filipino people’s efforts towards nationalist industrialization and ensure the creation of jobs, food security, a stable economy, mitigation of environmental degradation, and environmental rehabilitation. ———————– [1] Jacqueline K. Carino. Case Study. WCD. 2000 [2] APIT Tako.Mining in Philippine History [3] APIT Tako. Mining in Philippine History [4] Cordillera Peoples Alliance. December 2002. Cordillera Hydropower Projects and the Indigenous Peoples [5] APITTAKO [6] Christian Aid and PIPLinks. Breaking Promises, making profits. Mining in the Philippines. UK. Dec. 2004 [7] CA and PIPLinks [8] APIT TAKO. Mining In Philippine History: Focus On The Cordillera Experience. Paper presented to the United Nations Economic and Social Cou ncil’s Commission on Human Rights during its Transnational Extractive Industries Review.December 2001 and revised March 2002. [9] APIT Tako. [10] CA and PIPLinks. [11] Save the Abra River Movement (STARM). What is Happening to the Abra River? A Primer on the Effects of Corporate Mining on the Abra River System. September 2003. [12] STARM [13] STARM [14] CA and PIPLinks [15] Jacqueline K. Carino. A case Study of the Ibaloy People and the Agno River Basin, Province of Benguet, Philippines. Presented during the Consultation on Dams, Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities. Geneva, Switzerland. August 1999) [16] Croft 17] APIT TAKO. [18] STARM [19] CA and PIPILinks [20] STARM [21] STARM [22] Jill K. Carino and Cornelia Ag-agwa. The Situation of Mining in the Cordillera Region, Philippines and its Impact on Land Rights and Indigenous Women. Paper presented during the Second International Conference on Women and Mining. Bolivia. 2000 [23] STARM. [24] Hapit, The Official Publicatio n of the Cordillera Peoples Alliance. 3rd Quarter 2005. A basic Service to the People: The Chapyusen Micro-Hydro Project ———————– [pic]

Critical Analysis on Their Eyes Were Watching God

Critical Analysis on Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God is a novel that was written by an African American author, Zora Neale Hurston. The book was launched in 1937 and primarily focuses on the life experiences of the protagonist Janie Crawford (Bloom 59). The story is set in central and southern Florida and epitomizes Janie’s search for self-awareness through love and relationships (Bowers 83). At the heart of the entire narration are the three marriages that Janie has gone through. The story analyses the quest for fulfillment, self-awareness and freedom by the main character through the experiences she had specifically in her three respective marriages. The story is told of her through a comprehensive flashback of her closest ally, Pheoby. The plot emanates in manner that after her extensive marriages, it becomes the role of Pheoby to narrate the story to the unaccommodating crowd (Scott 49). The book is an account of Janie’s struggle for self-awareness and fulfillment and the things she went through in order to achieve that. Janie was brought up by her grandmother after the disappearance of her mother upon her birth. Her mother had a lot of expectations in her daughter. When she escaped she passed all these expectations upon Janie. Hence, she wanted Janie to live a life that she has never lived. As a result, she married her to a Logan Killicks, an older farmer (Snodgrass 12). However, Janie became so miserable since she did not get the love that she wanted. She eloped with a sweet talking man called glib Jody Starks to another place where they get married. Jody was a wealthy man who is also a political leader (Hermes et al 64). He treats Janie as a trophy woman. Most of his treatments are not accepted by her but she perseveres until her marriage ends. After her second marriage, Janie is financially independent. Therefore, she rejects the many suitors who come her way but falls in love with Vergible Woods and they get married (Levine and Novel Units, Inc. Staff 25). Eventually, Janie becomes so happy sinc e she gets the love and freedom that she needed. In fact woods treat her as an equal and she enjoy she marriage so much. Conversely, after being bitten by a rabbit during the hurricane, woods tries to shoot Janie but Janie manages to shoot her in self defense. The end of the third marriages wraps up the experiences of Janie (Lester 76). She returns home to a very anxious neighborhood. She relies on Pheoby to tell her story. I find the book to be very constructive in its presentation of the themes and styles. Essentially, the author manages to provide several subjects to the reader through Janie’s experiences (McMahand 70). I tend to believe that the experiences of Janie are synonymous with those of many other people especially women of African American descent. So, the book perfectly epitomizes the quest for fulfillment and the inherent price towards the achievement of such an endeavor. The book is written in a very distinctive manner (Collins 36). The use of language is most significant. Actually, the author uses African American ascent of English. Perhaps this is to exemplify the setting of his plot. Basically, the book has been criticized for employing African American English in language. Subsequently, the book has been written in a reflective manner. In fact the experiences of Janie fully epitomize the personal experiences of the author. The protagonist is a refection of the author. The book has also been written in a flashback method through Janie’s close friend. This is also an attribute that is worth to note (Minds 76). Fundamentally, the book has a unique style of presentation. And the author has exemplified a number of themes through her way of writing. The title was chosen so as to exemplify the society’s reaction to the life experiences of Janie. Perhaps it was the crowds whose eyes were watching God (Awkward 29). Eyes Were Watching God explores a number of themes. These include is love and Relationships versus sovereignty, Power and subjugation as Means to accomplishment as well as Language: dialogue and Silence (Linde 41). Janie was driven by her quest for love, awareness and independent. Throughout her respective three marriages we see Janie fighting for these three things. Even when the marriages broke she never gave up (Wall 91). This was primarily due to her strong will to be free and live an independent life. Eventually, she finds these three aspects in her third marriage. For this reason, she becomes very happy. Even after her third husband death, she finds her ultimate happiness (Koss et al 11). Several techniques are used by the author. First is language. This is very central to the themes thus explored by the aut hor. Her use of silence and speech as language coincides with the protagonist pursuit of awareness and independence. The weather plays a very definitive role in the evolution of the plot of the story. The great Okeechobee hurricane brings the end of Janie’s third marriage (Hurston 31). In as much as Janie and Tea Cake survive the incident marks the beginning of the end of the marriage. Teacake is bitten by a rabid saving Janie from drowning. This leads to the shooting incident where Teacake dies. If you need a custom critical essay on any topic, you can get professional help with writing a critical essay online, at CustomWritings.com!

The eNotes Blog Newest Poet Laureate to Give InauguralReading

Newest Poet Laureate to Give InauguralReading Natasha Trethewey, the United States 19th Poet Laureate, will give her first reading at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. this Thursday. Trethewey became the national Poet Laureate in June of this year. The reading later this week will kickstart her duties in the role. The poet-historian, as the Library of Congress describes her,  was born and raised in the South, hailing from Gulfport, Mississipi, the state in which she currently holds another Poet Laureate title. Trethewey is also Professor of English and Creative Writing at Emory University in Atlanta. Besides teaching, the poet and author has published four collections since 2000 and one work of non-fiction,  Beyond Katrina: A Meditation on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Her 2006 collection, Native Guard, won her the esteemed Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Of her poetry, James Billington of the Library of Congress has said Trethewey inter-mixes her story with the historical story in a way that takes you deep into the human tragedy of it. It is her ability to weave the present and the past, to engage the public and the personal, and to give language to the unsaid that makes Trethewey’s poems of such lasting import. The history Billington references is Tretheweys own family history, which her poetry relates to the racial legacy of America as a whole. At the time of her birth, Tretheweys parents marriage wasnt legally recognized; on Natashas birth certificate her mothers ethnicity was recorded as colored, her fathers Canadian. The Supreme Court reversed anti-miscegenation laws a year later, but the impact of racial prejudice surely struck the future poet from a young age. Later, the family tragedy that was her mothers murder further spurred Trethewey to become a poet, if anything to simply make sense of what had happened. Her mothers life became the inspiration behind Native Guard, which is dedicated to her memory. Perhaps one of the best examples of the weaving between present and past, public and personal stories, is found in the poem Letter Home: I sit watching though I pretend not to noticethe dark maids ambling by with their white charges. Do I deceive anyone? Were they to see my hands, brown as your dear face, theyd know Im not quite what I pretend to be. I walk these streets a white woman, or so I think, until I catch the eyes of some stranger upon me, and I must lower mine, a negress again. There are enough things here to remind me who I am. For a preview of her upcoming reading, view the  clip below recorded at Tretheweys April 12th recitation at the Poetry Foundation in Chicago, courtesy of Poets Writers magazine and the Dark Room Collective.

Assassination Attempt on Franklin D. Roosevelt

Assassination Attempt on Franklin D. Roosevelt Statistically, being the president of the United States is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, since four have been assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy). In addition to the presidents that have actually been killed while in office, there have been a myriad of unsuccessful attempts to kill U.S. presidents. One of these happened on February 15, 1933, when  Giuseppe Zangara tried to kill President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt in Miami, Florida. The Assassination Attempt On February 15, 1933, just over two  weeks before Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as President of the United States, FDR arrived at the Bayfront Park in Miami, Florida around 9 p.m. to give a speech from the back seat of his light-blue Buick. Around 9:35 p.m., FDR finished his speech and had begun talking to some supporters who had gathered around his car when when five shots rang out. Giuseppe Joe Zangara, an Italian immigrant and unemployed bricklayer, had emptied his .32 caliber pistol at FDR. Shooting from about 25 feet away, Zangara was close enough kill FDR. However, since Zangara was only 51, he couldnt see FDR without climbing up on a wobbly chair in order to see over the crowd. Also, a woman named Lillian Cross, who stood near Zangara in the crowd, claimed to have hit Zangaras hand during the shooting. Whether it was because of bad aim, the wobbly chair, or Mrs. Crosss intervention, all five bullets missed FDR. The bullets, however, did hit bystanders. Four received minor injuries, while Chicagos Mayor Anton Cermak was mortally hit in the stomach. FDR Appears Brave During the whole ordeal, FDR appeared calm, brave, and decisive. While FDRs driver wanted to immediately rush the president-elect to safety, FDR ordered the car to stop and pick up the wounded. On their way to the hospital, FDR cradled Cermaks head on his shoulder, offering calming and comforting words which doctors later reported kept Cermak from going into shock. FDR spent several hours at the hospital, visiting each of the wounded. He came back the following day to check on the patients again. At a time when the United States desperately needed a strong leader, the untested president-elect proved himself strong and reliable in the face of crisis. Newspapers reported on both FDRs actions and demeanor, putting faith in FDR before he even stepped into the presidential office. Why Did Zangara Do It? Joe Zangara was caught immediately and taken into custody. In an interview with officials after the shooting, Zangara stated that he wanted to kill FDR because he blamed FDR and all rich people and capitalists for his chronic stomach pain. At first, a judge sentenced Zangara to 80 years in prison after Zangara pleaded guilty, saying, I kill capitalists because they kill me, stomach like drunk man. No point living. Give me electric chair.* However,  when Cermak died of his wounds on March 6, 1933 (19 days after the shooting and two days after FDRs inauguration), Zangara was charged with first-degree murder and sentenced to death. On March 20, 1933, Zangara strode to  the electric chair  unaided and then plunked himself down. His last words were Pusha da button! *Joe Zangara as quoted in Florence King, A Date Which Should Live in Irony,  The American Spectator  February 1999: 71-72.

Consultancy project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Consultancy project - Essay Example The company still experiences problems in Saudi Arabia, most of which affect the productivity of employees. The company currently experiences problems with the HR department. Therefore, the BAE Company plans to work with the Delta HR consultancy to enable them identify the issues related with the HR department. The consultant presented in this paper is Delta HR consultancy group, consultee in BAE company systems and the consultee’s client group are Strikemaster aircraft in Saudi Arabia ( BAE Systems 2000, p. 111). In any consultancy project, consultants must know the operational and conceptual picture of their definition in consultation, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the appropriate operation models to enhance their effectiveness in consulting. This also facilitates the expansion of experience and enhances understanding the necessary process in their consultancy projects. Studies indicate that only few consultants succeed in the absence of high quality skills. Su ch skills include evaluation of the problem definition, knowing of when to listen or confront, being a good relation builder, and recognition of excessive dependency or understanding dynamics of resistance. Such skills enhance the competency of a consultant (Biech 2005, p. 20). Objectives of the project entail the investigation of the problems facing BAE, the proposal of the process involved to undertake a consultancy project, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the consultancy project with regard to BAE. Process of Undertaking a Consultancy Project The process of undertaking a consultation project involves six steps. The steps apply to both long-term and short-term consultation. These include pre-entry, entry, information gathering, solution searching, evaluation and termination (The Consultancy Process, 1990). The steps are in correspondence to the research methods undertaken and data acquired through qualitative and quantitative methods. All information in this paper originates from questionnaires and interviews where the consultant seeks to get first hand information that forms the basis to the consultancy project. Step 1: Pre-entry Pre-entry step underscores significance of the consultants in their regular engagement in self-assessment. This ensures that consultants remain in their rightful positions situations arising. The consultant may be misperceived as possessing unusual knowledge, insights and skills in defining and solving problems for another person. The pre-entry step therefore focuses on the consultant, and in this case, Delta HR consultancy. This step forms the preliminary stage where the consultant establishes a conceptual framework. This also enables the consultant assesses himself to articulate to others and to self of his/her true capabilities in providing them with the services they require. Failure of going through this step leads to possible underestimation or overestimation of the potential of the consultant to be useful. The assessmen t prevents the consultant from considering most problems and needs of the consultee as fitting to the favourite interventions and paradigms of the consultant for helping. The reflective and self-assessment involved in this stage enable the consultant understand the beliefs and values to be able to understand how organizations solve their problems. The Delta Consultancy must

Cellular Phone Usage While Operating Motor Vehicle Essay - 1

Cellular Phone Usage While Operating Motor Vehicle - Essay Example as per a study published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (Utter, 2001 cited by Tseng, Nguyen, Liebowitz, & Agresti, 2005). The use of cellular phones while driving has been established as the major cause of driver inattention. The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis found that use of cell phones while driving caused 330,000 moderate to severe injuries and approximately 2,600 deaths each year (Sundeen, 2003 cited by Tseng et al., 2005). At the same time, according to Brookhuis, de Vries, & de Waard (1991), while talking on the cell phone drivers demonstrated decreased lane deviations (cited by Horrey & Wickens, 2004). Despite these inconsistencies, a total ban of cellular phone usage while operating a motor vehicle may drastically reduce road accidents. Driver distraction can be classified into two types (internal distraction and external stimuli) and four categories – visual, cognitive, auditory and biomechanical distraction. Of these, auditory distraction is associated with cell phone usage (Tseng et al., 2005). This is more likely in case of hand-held phones but other studies demonstrate that primary cause of inattention is cognitive, which implies that even hands-free phones are equally dangerous (Horrey & Wickens). Several studies have been conducted and on an average, it has been found that drivers talking on the mobile phones while driving have higher risks in car accidents compared to non-mobile phone users (Laberge-Nadeau et al., 2003; Wilson et al., 2003; Redelmeier and Tibshirani, 1997; Strayer and Drews, 2004 cited Tseng et al.). Use of mobile phones while driving increases the risk of collisions by four times, which is also confirmed by Redelmeier and Tibshirani (1997). In addition, frequent mobile phone users had relatively higher risk than rare-users. Being engaged on the cell phone while driving, is definitely more risky than listening to the radio or talking to other passengers while driving. Horrey & Wickens,

I need a reply to this discussion post written in the order Coursework

I need a reply to this discussion post written in the order instruction. Like a personal opinion type of reply - Coursework Example The writer has done an outstanding job in describing an organization that assists mothers in the baby care. It can be seen that the said organization, Egyptian Health Department, has been very effective in health education and promotion. However, this paper has a few shortcomings. It did not cover much of the preterm birth as per the instruction; it only concentrated on the low birth weight and overlooked the aspect of premature delivery. It would have been much interesting for the reader to learn about the impacts of preterm births. As much as the writer discussed the impacts of low birth weight; these impacts did not cover the baby and the health department. We are not told how the low birth weight would affect the baby itself and the expenditure by the health sector on the same. Furthermore, the impacts of low birth weight have not been discussed in deeper details. Generally, the paper is just a highlight of the topic of low birth weight and preterm birth. Nonetheless, it is well structured and very relevant to the

Market Model Patterns of Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Model Patterns of Change - Research Paper Example The business expansion that has characterized many companies in the industry has led the expansion in the size of large companies and eventual attainment of a competitive advantage over smaller companies. Currently, the industry is experiencing enormous changes as a result of changing customer needs, emerging markets, and entrance of new competitors, technological advancement, and the strict environment regulations due to substance emissions (Blum, 2009). The changes have affected the demand, value chains and markets that characterize the industry. This has led to the transformation of the market into a more mobile model that is more competitive. The industry players and the new entrants have been forced to apply new competitive strategies that will enable sustainable success in the competitive industry. Pattern of Change Both the emerging and mature markets in the automobile industry are characterized by risk and opportunities. The global automobile industries have engaged in price wars crating frequent capacity overlap and rivalry. Therefore, the oligopolistic market model has been transformed into a competitive model. The competitive pattern of change is evident in its production, international trade changes, and supply chain and pricing. ... However, the lowering of the trade barriers and advancements in globalization has changed the tradition whereby the production location decisions are influenced by the international competitiveness. The international competitiveness is a product of the level of different tasks within the industry due to the vertical disintegration of global production. This is a change from the traditional business norms whereby the global competitiveness was determined by the level of the industry. Variation in Production Table 1: Top 20 Motor Vehicle Producing Countries   China 18,418,876 United States 8,653,560   Japan 8,398,654   Germany 6,311,318   South Korea 4,657,094   India 3,936,448   Brazil 3,406,150   Mexico 2,680,037   Spain 2,353,682   France 2,294,889   Canada 2,134,893   Russia 1,988,036   Ã‚  Iran 1,648,505   Thailand 1,478,460   UK 1,463,999   Czech Republic 1,199,834 Turkey 1,189,131   Indonesia 837,948 Poland 837,132 Argentina 828,771   Italy 790, 348 Source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/ Table 2: Annual Change in Production in Automobile Industry Year Production Change 1997 54,434,000    1998 52,987,000 -2.7% 1999 56,258,892 6.2% 2000 58,374,162 3.8% 2001 56,304,925 -3.5% 2002 58,994,318 4.8% 2003 60,663,225 2.8% 2004 64,496,220 6.3% 2005 66,482,439 3.1% 2006 69,222,975 4.1% 2007 73,266,061 5.8% 2008 70,520,493 -3.7% 2009 61,791,868 -12.4% 2010 77,857,705 26.0% Source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/1999-statistics/ International Trade The international trade is characterized by the dominance from a small number of companies. However, the industry faces segmentation that has made it more regional than global. The industry is also characterized by cost pressures, overcapacity and low profitability

POWER,AUTHORITY, AND INFLUENCE (CASE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POWER,AUTHORITY, AND INFLUENCE (CASE) - Essay Example Although man is inherently strong, a woman's ability to apply her instincts in times of conflict could be an advantage when in the process of decision making. In fact, the women of this generation are more sophisticated and this is proven by their existence as top officials in organizations with different specializations. The â€Å"Woman and Men, Work and Power† article talks about women empowerment at work. It features some women and their different stories of success in their chosen careers. In spite of the many obstacles and criticisms, they have managed to stay focused and goal-oriented. They are given the privilege to exercise authority in their respected organizations that is through the legitimate power that is vested to them. A top position in a company would give one the legitimate power, the formal power to exercise authority (Heinemann, 2008, p. 35). They are determined leaders but are distinguished by their opposing belief when it comes to the method and principles that they consider in their practice of power and on how they use this power to influence those who are under them.

Internationalization strategy and activities of Bentley in China Dissertation

Internationalization strategy and activities of Bentley in China - Dissertation Example Recently, there is a significant change in the Chinese governments’ treatment on foreign investors. In case Bentley Motors would eventually decide to expand its production line in Western China, this study highly recommends that the company should enter into joint venture agreement with a local partner. Table of Contents Executive Summary.................................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Purpose of the Research Study ...................................................................... 6 1.2 Background of the Title Selection ................................................................ 6 1.3 Scope and Limitations ......................... .......................................................... ... .................. 10 2. Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Socio-Economic Background of China ........................................................ 11 2.2 Automobile Industry Analysis in China ....................................................... 13 2.2.1 Market Structure ........................................................................ 14 2.2.2 Porter’s Five Forces Model Analysis ......................................... 15 2.2.2.1 Rivalry among Existing Firms .............................. 15 2.2.2.2 Potential Threats of New Entrants ........................ 16 2.2.2.3 Threats for Product Substitution ........................... 16 2.2.2.4 Bargaining Power of Suppliers ............................. 16 2.2.2.5 Bargaining Power of Buyers ................................. 17 2.2.3 PESTLE Analysis ....................................................................... 17 2 .2.3.1 Political Issues ....................................................... 17 2.2.3.2 Economic Issues .................................................... 18 2.2.3.3 Social Issues .......................................................... 19 2.2.3.4 Technological Issues ............................................. 19 2.2.3.5 Legal Issues ........................................................... 20 2.2.3.6 Environmental Issues ............................................. 20 2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Entering the Market of China ............... 20 2.4 Marketing Channel Management of Bentley Motors .................................. 21 2.4.1 STP Model Analysis .................................................................. 21 2.4.1.1 Segmentation

POWER,AUTHORITY, AND INFLUENCE (CASE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POWER,AUTHORITY, AND INFLUENCE (CASE) - Essay Example Although man is inherently strong, a woman's ability to apply her instincts in times of conflict could be an advantage when in the process of decision making. In fact, the women of this generation are more sophisticated and this is proven by their existence as top officials in organizations with different specializations. The â€Å"Woman and Men, Work and Power† article talks about women empowerment at work. It features some women and their different stories of success in their chosen careers. In spite of the many obstacles and criticisms, they have managed to stay focused and goal-oriented. They are given the privilege to exercise authority in their respected organizations that is through the legitimate power that is vested to them. A top position in a company would give one the legitimate power, the formal power to exercise authority (Heinemann, 2008, p. 35). They are determined leaders but are distinguished by their opposing belief when it comes to the method and principles that they consider in their practice of power and on how they use this power to influence those who are under them.

Reflections and Reminiscences of an Early Years Educator Essay

Reflections and Reminiscences of an Early Years Educator - Essay Example ucation research paradigm challenged and supported me to investigate knowledge and realities about early years’ teaching in the UK in interviewing a retired teacher. Inevitably, this kind of research is iterative in nature with inextricable linkage between practice and research and evolving continuously. Therefore, through an exploration of the retired early years’ teacher practice, her social locations, subject positions, personal experiences, and interpretations will be examined via her voice (Cahnmann-Taylor & Siegesmund, 2013: p29). Using a range of appropriate literature, I will justify the need for a personal reflective narrative inquiry of a former teacher in the UK Pre-school education sector, which should elicit information about how she reminisces on her work as an early years’ teacher. It is expected that I will elicit information on the interactions that she had with pre-school children aged between three and four years as she nurtured and cared for them prior to retiring from her position some time back. I will specifically identify how I engaged in the narrative inquiry, identifying details on the participants, ethical considerations encountered during the study, my reflexivity process, the data collection process, and its analysis. Moreover, I will also present a discussion of the findings. Arts based education research is a method of research that aims to use arts-based concepts, practice, and techniques in understanding education. Normally, practitioners utilize various arts-based methodologies in conducting their research, as well as communicating their findings, through genres as diverse as visual arts, poetry, performance, music, dance, and narrative (Loh, 2013: p8). I used the latter genre in conducting my arts-based education research. Narrative arts-based education research, which I will refer to as NABER from this point, is based firmly on the premise that we understand and attach meaning to our experiences through stories. As a type

ICT and Society Essay Example for Free

ICT and Society Essay My mobile phone is a Nokia 6020. I got it a year ago, for my birthday. It is on a pay as you go tariff, and I have to pay it all my self. I have had to get myself a paper-round to contribute towards some of the costs. I use it to make phone calls, but mainly to text, and take pictures, with the camera. I often use the video camera to make low quality videos. I quite like the look of my phone but it is getting slightly old now. It is still a very good, basic phone however I think that the memory is much too small. It can acess the internet; but I dont use that mainly because of the cost. Describe how you use the ICT technology. My phone is mostly used in the social category because I use it most to communicate with others. However, it can also come under the personal category because I use it to entertain myself by playing games on it among other things. Because I have to pay for it myself I tend not to spend as much as my friends, whos parents pay for it. I am probably more conscious about the cost than them too. I am not someone who relies on it completely, I have lost it for a whole week before, without even realising. Saying this I do tend to text friends who dont live near me. This way I can keep in touch with them. I would like to text them more but a phone is quite expensive to run and I would rather spread out my remaining money on other things. I also use my mobile to arrange outings with my school friends during the holidays or weekends. I like to text them because it is quick and easy. I dont really use any kind of predictive text when I write text messages. This is because I dont really like it that much. The avantages of it is that it writes texts quicker with less movement of fingers. However it doesnt have text talk words in the program, like 2moro so therefore the text is longer and you cant fit so much in the text. I find having a camera on the phone very useful too. Like most people I can take a picture any time, any where. This means I can caputure really cool pictures. I can send the good pictures to people via multimedia messages. If Im on holiday they can see what Im doing and generally keep in touch. Another thing which makes my phone more personal is the fact that I can change the background and the order of the lists in menu. I like to do this but it is quite complicated to do. I also use my phone for entertainment, I play games when I am bored like on the train. Although the games are not that advanced, they keep me entertained. I use the calculator appliance a bit but I cant use it in school because the school has banned mobiles. I often use the calander. The calander, if set, will remind me of peoples birthdays a week or so before. However it does take a while to set and add information. My phone also has an alarm, which I use when I am camping or sleeping in a hotel. I use most of t he things that are on my phone and usually they work well. What are the advantages of using the ICT technology. One of the things which I find most useful about having a mobile phone, is having so many things on one device. It has endless uses all in one tiny object. It saves people carrying around lots of different devices each with one use. The other thing which I find most useful about having a mobile is that it gives me freedom. This is so important. My parents will let me go out and know that I can phone them at any time. Theyll say well, as long as you have got your mobile with you. For my parents, it gives them a slight chance to relax. My parents also know that they can log onto a website and track my phone, this is an advantage for them. Say, should the worst happen, I was hurt and got rushed to hospital. The paramedics could look at my phone and find mum in my contacts and immediately let her know. Another reason for having a phone with lots of things on it, is money. It could actually save money, not having to buy a digital camera, ect. What are the disadvantages, if any, of the ICT technology. There were several studies recently that warned of a possible health risk to teens who use their phone a lot. It was worried about the waves that a phone uses damaging heavy users. Now I dont use my phone that much but I dont exactly like the thought. Nothing has been proved yet but, then again, nothing has been not proved. So at the moment I am just cautious. For me, the fact that my parents can track my phone is generally a bad thing. I dont want my parents to know exactly where I am all the time, theyve got to learn to let go a little. But if I got into trouble I think that I would be really glad so as long as they only use it when they are really worried its OK. The fact that it costs quite a lot to run a phone also is a bad thing. Handsets cost a lot to buy, the better and more features it has, the more expensive the price. Packages where users are lured into by the promise of free weekend texts or 100 free picture messages are often not right for the customers. Most people end up paying a set amount per month, say à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20. Thats fine if they would use à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 credit on pay as you go tariff but most wont. They dont realise that theyd get a better deal if they went onto another tariff. I think this is how phone companies make all their money. Bullying is another major problem. More and more, younger and younger children possess phones for all the reasons I have listed above. Bullying via text messages is becoming a substantial problem, big enough for many schools to start to ban mobile phones. This leads us onto the next disadvantage. Many schools have banned phones completely. My school still allows us to have phones in school however were not allowed to use them or get them out during the day. We can turn them on at the end of the school but not otherwise. If a teacher sees them they confiscate them. This is a real pain because a parent needs to come in and collect it. A wider problem is security. If you have a phone apparently some hackers can hack onto phones, steal personal information and stuff. Also having a phone makes you a target to thieves and muggers. They will just whip your phone anytime. It has now been made harder for thieves as you can block the SIM card and make it un-useable. However if you take out the blocked SIM, and put in another the handset will still work perfectly. This still makes stealing a phone worth it. What companies need to develop is a way of blocking the handset too. If I lived and the mobile phone wasnt around today I wouldnt be able to keep in touch with my friends as easily or arrange to meet up with them. My parents would feel less comfortable with me going out so I would have less freedom and if I got into trouble I couldnt ring for help. The mobile is so convienient that many people would have to change too. So although there seem to be more disadvantages than advantages I still find a mobile the most useful piece of IT I use, secondary only to the computer. This is simply because it gives me the freedom I want in more than one way. The freedom to go out without my parents worrying and the freedom to walk around with one little device in my pocket.

Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990s :: essays papers

Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990's Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the last decade. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of "women's roles" continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, economic, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women's experiences in the nineties with Betty Friedan's, in her essay: The Way We Were - 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. Actually, the subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCall's in December 1949 called "A Weekend with Daddy." A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn't want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know "what life is all about." (See Endnote #1) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women's clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction

I Had to Fight to Read :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

It was summer, stinking hot in a small town and I was fifteen and bored. The town librarian had been giving me grief since I was eleven and in the sixth grade, when she issued her first decree that I wasn't "old enough" to check out what became the first of a long line of books I had to fight to read. It was also the first of many times when one or both of my parents trudged down to the library to insist equally firmly that she had no right to restrict my choices as I had their permission to read whatever I wanted. The summer of my thirtieth year was especially difficult for this poor beleaguered woman. Her worst day came when I insisted on checking out all of Proust, every one of Thomas Wolfe's novels, and while I was at it, Joyce's Ulysses as well. After all, I reasoned, I had two weeks to keep these books and I was a fast reader. So I took them home, to the old iron glider under the grape arbor, and I propped myself up on a bunch of pillows and dug in with the same glee most people reserve for hot fudge sundaes. I fanned the pages and decided to read Look Homeward, Angel first because I like the way all those words leapfrogged over each other on every single page. Wow! The exuberant rush and gush of all those words! The torrent was overwhelming, the words blurred, I was losing the meaning. I knew I had to slow the pace somehow before I would have to admit that the librarian was probably right and perhaps I really wasn't "old enough" to make sense of it. And so I turned to Proust, finding relief within his exquisitely nuanced precision and pacing. My love of all things French was born with Proust, as I marveled at his privileged people and their luminous lives. Who were they really, I wondered, and was all of Paris like this, and if so, how soon could I get there? For the next two weeks, I cut back and forth between that unlikely duo, Wolfe and Proust, sweating from July's heat and the emotional impact of Brother Ben's death (best read when one is fifteen), then cooling off with the soothingly elegant rituals of Monsieur Swann and company.

Employee right case study bea Essay

The Pledge of Loyalty is part of the baptismal of fire when you enter an organization. When you become part of a group, you are obliged to follow the pledge or if you cannot, just leave. And this will play a crucial role in the discussion of this case study. On the first question of Allen Lopez retaining his job, while the First Amendment states that Lopez’ airing of grievance is protected under the Freedom of Expression, he is, however, in conflict with the crime of defamation and for not observing employment restrictions and loyalty oaths. So while he is allowed to use whatever medium to state his feelings and ideas, the law allows his company to fire him for he endangers the security of his company’s workforce. On the second question on whether Lopez be forced to remove his website, the company may do one of two things. First, the company may petition for Temporary Restraining Order that will be issued by the court which will then order Lopez to freeze the website or to bring it down temporarily before the court decides on whether putting up the website did violate company laws as stated in the loyalty pledge. Second is to sue Lopez for damages and include in their motion that he bring down the website to curb further attacks on the company’s image. Lastly, on how ExtremeNet’s executives will respect Lopez’s rights and dignity, it is best for ExtremeNet to simply ask the court to bring the website down especially if it did not pose any significant negative effects in the dealings of the company. Allen Lopez has been a good employee and was only fighting for the welfare of the lower ranking employees. But still, it is in the discretion of ExtremeNet to either fire or retain Allen Lopez in the company. FindLaw. First Amendment – Freedom of Expression. eLaws. Employment Law Guide.

Issues on Computer Technology

In Midsayap, in a small and poverty-stricken town in North Cotabato, Philippines, four public schools have been given modern computer technology to help the teachers improve instruction for the benefit of the students. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has donated the computers, installed with tools and applications for teaching. The donations were in relation to USAID’s project to help provide equal access to education and learning that would eventually incite livelihood among the peoples of disadvantaged and unfortunate nations.(Manila Bulletin, 2009) The contribution of computer technology to the field of education relates to the issue of professional responsibility. The progress and advancement of computers and technology are extremely valuable to society considering the many benefits and advantages that it may provide to various areas of human life including education. It is a professional responsibility to ensure that along with the progress of computer technology development, it is being used to develop or expand other fields and areas of human life as well.It is important that the given opportunity for computer technology to flourish by man be given back to society by ensuring that this kind of technology benefits society as well. Modern computer technology has helped educators in developing countries provide the kind of quality education that most people in developed nations benefit from. It paves way to equality in terms of affording education.The employment of modern computer technology in Midsayap to improve learning standards and instructional processes is a good chance for the students and their families to improve their quality of life since fine education will help them find promising jobs in the future. Ultimately, modern computer technology contributes to the alleviation of unawareness or lack of knowledge and poverty. Manila Bulletin. (2009). Modern Computer Technology Benefits North Cotabato Mentors.Retrie ved 17 Jul 2009, from Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation. Website: http://www. mb. com. ph/articles/208880/modern-computer-technology-benefits-north-cotabato-mentors The Internet: Media for All The development of the Internet through computer processes and functions was seen as one of the liberating events in the history of human life. During the period of revolution, the people have been constantly searching for a means by which they would be able to express their sentiments and demands.However, during that time, the influence of the media was restricted and controlled by large companies and industries. This all changed when the Internet was introduced in the 20th century. It has been called the media of the people since the information presented and exchanged were not restricted or limited by the personal interests of powerful people or organizations. Despite the establishment of various laws and regulations, the Internet remains to be an open medium of communication and excha nge of ideas for the people.The utilization of Internet as a means to express ideas and communicate through appropriate computer functions and processes relate to the issue of freedom of expression and the concept of mass media. Gone were the days when the news and information being conveyed through the media are influenced by various influential interest groups. The Internet paved way to open communication that is guided by fair regulations allowing every person that has access to it to become the media themselves.The existence of the Internet and the continued open access to it by the people implies that it is a medium by which they can practice their human rights through freedom of expression. Not only is the Internet a means to communicate to anyone around the world but it is also a perfect medium for people to express their pleas against others who violate human rights, expose valuable information that the public should know, inform or educate other people, and so on. UK in Kor ea. (2009). â€Å"Freedom of Expression in the Digital Age†: Embassy Hosts Conference on 3 July (26/06/2009).Retrieved 17 Jul 2009, from Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Website: http://ukinkorea. fco. gov. uk/en/newsroom/? view=PressR&id=20285376 Computer Technology Contributes to Car Safety INTEL Corporation, one of the most powerful, influential, and innovative technology company in the world has taken car-safety technology to a whole new level. The company has been employing researchers and analysts who are currently working nonstop to perfect an accuracy software that is meant to be installed in automotives for safety. The project was presented to an audience of previewers.The software was installed in a car model. Among the features of the software was human recognition wherein the device detects people inside the car, wireless networking that allows the device to connect to all the devices inside the car with networking capabilities, sensors that provide the car with r elative connections to stoplights, devices along the roads the record traffic data, and communication to other cars as a means to detect possible collisions or accidents for the automatic activation of the emergency brakes.The technology developed by INTEL Corporation relates to professional responsibility. As previously discussed, the exponential development of technology in any aspect is the industry’s debt to man who has the knowledge and resources to develop it limitlessly for the disposal of humankind. For this reason, it is the responsibility of technology and everyone working behind to develop it to open up opportunities that would allow it to benefit man.This establishes the purpose of technology and uncovers the reason why people should support technological growth and development. The development of the accuracy software, or any other computer device that supports human safety for that matter, is extremely significant to society simply because these kinds of devices maintain and contribute to the preservation of life. Furthermore, these devices allow man to carry on with his daily tasks and obligations with less worries. Business Mirror.(2009). Intel Shows Off Car-Safety Devices, Accuracy Software. Retrieved 18 Jul 2009, from Business Mirror. Website: http://www. businessmirror. com. ph/component/content/article/52-technology/12073-intel-shows-off-car-safety-devices-accuracy-software-. html Terrorism Finds a Match in Cyber Security Strategy As a means to increase the national security system of United Kingdom against cyber threats and terrorism, the nation’s government has introduced a new Cyber Security Strategy.United Kingdom’s efforts were regarded as the â€Å"first strategy of its kind,† (ICM, 2009) rendering it as possibly the most advanced and sophisticated digital design intended to combat cyber terrorism that may cripple any country’s national defenses. The United Kingdom government has assigned able and tr usted organizations to complete the Cyber Security Strategy project including MI5 and the Metropolitan Police. In order to establish and solidify the foundations of the program, the government has created an independent group to operate the system and appoint skilled and knowledgeable officials to oversee security operations.

What does it mean to be German

German, because they feel guilty for the history Of Germany and do not want do be classified as a national socialist, but they should dare to say that, because the time changed and Germany became one of the worlds most important and known countries and not known for fascistic ideologies or cruelties, but rather for their economy or their politic, not to forget they many different cultural aspects. Let me begin with a general definition of what it means to be German. I think nearly everybody would agree to the fact, that a person who owns theGerman nationality and lives inside the boundaries of Germany is a German in general, but obviously this is just a rough description of a German citizen. In my opinion every person has to define his or her own definition of what does it mean for him or her to be German, but I will start to create my own one. Many various significant German personalities reached a high prestige in certain sections of Germany's culture. To name some of these, I can name Albrecht Dourer as one of the greatest painters of Germans history, or the great literati Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Frederica Schaller.Even if you should not adorn yourself with borrowed plumes you can be at least proud for these persons who were Germans. Politics and culture influenced the identity of the Germans and their sense of human being, but that does not mean that every person is defined by the times actual standing of these factors. The question for me is what makes me personally proud to be a German citizen? Is it the German language? No question, that German is one of the hardest languages on the earth and this makes me proud to speak this language fluently, but it is not my favorite one in point of the sound. Usage like Greek, English, or Italian are my favorite ones in this point of criticism. Is it the kind of governmental system which makes me proud to life here? For sure democracy is the kind of governmental system, many various countries aspiring for and that why this is one Of my mature reasons am proud to live here. Other countries have to contend with cruel dictatorships or prevalent health diseases, but Germany does not have these problems, which makes me proud as well. Is it the culture which makes me feel proud to life in Germany?The capacity of great prestigious German prominences is nearly unlimited. From Conrad Deadener to Conrad Use, every political, cultural or scientifically section was enriched by important German personalities. These idols make me feel a kind of patriotic. However the main actual reason I am glad to live here is the status of Germany in the eyes of the other countries of the world. Many countries actually orientating their selves towards the federal republic of Germany, which makes me love my country even more. Nevertheless Germany is not perfect.I am not talking about satirical facts, because many people had done this before, but actual problems like the debts of the state are not the most worthwhile fact I can be glad of my home country. On the other hand these debts are not the biggest in comparison to other countries, but in fact that debts are not worthwhile in general this is a negative fact against Germany. To come to a very important point, which should not be forgotten is that Germany is actually one of the most peacefully countries on the earth. Considering to this, Germany made a big development since 1 940, which make me look in the future expectantly.