Rape and How It Affects Future Relationships Annotated Bibliography

Nicole R. Sorell (2008). Physical and Psychological Effects of Rape. Retrieved 29 Sep. 2010 From http://www.healthyplace.com/abuse/escaping-hades/physical-effects-of-being-raped-or-sexually-assaulted/menu-id-811/ This article deals with several effects of rape that is physical, psychological, economic effects and how affected persons can be assisted to seek therapy. According to Nicole, victims of rape suffer sever psychological effects; self blame, suicidal behavior, depression, hatred for the opposite sex, and a lack of interest in certain activities. In a concise and emotional manner, the author provides minute details of symptoms of each factor and how it can be handled. In one of the examples the author notes that, rape victims have been found to avoid companies of people of the opposite sex, for example if one was attacked by a person of the other sex. This article is very crucial as it provides relevant information for explaining why some people tend to avoid certain groups. Hanson. K. Hanson (1990). The Psychological Impact of Sexual Assault On Women and Children: A Review Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment.3 (2): 187 – 232. The article provides insights on the issues that affect victims of rape such as self blame and shame. The author asserts that shame resulting from assault plays a big role in influencing eating disorders, depression, as well as mental disorder. In his investigation, the author found that youth prone to shame are more likely to indulge in substance abuse and involvement in criminal activities. This article is relevant to this study because it provides insight on behavior of youth who have experienced rape in their life. His arguments are similar to those of Ehrenreich. Luster T and Small SA (2007). Sexual abuse history and problems in adolescence: exploring the effects of moderating variables. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59:131–142. In this article, the authors use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of young men and women to test their hypothesis that victims of rape are more likely to attempt suicide than other groups. They find their hypothesis is supported by data collected from many parts of the world. For example in Ethiopia, about 6% of rape victims reported having tried to commit suicide. The evidence adduced here is of importance to the study since it provides clear evidence as to why people with suicidal behavior tend to be more detached from the rest in the society. Resick, J. et al (2009) Long-term Psychological Effects of Rape in 35 Victims. A Journal of Research and Treatment, 77-79 This work looks at the responses from 35 victims of rape who reported their assault in the between 1996-1997 Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women and Men in the United States survey. The authors of this article expected men who reported cases of being assaulted would be more willing to seek assistance. According to the authors, those severely assaulted reported being penetrated, attacked with a weapon, or even threatened. The study compared the results of this with victims who had been assaulted 3 to 45 years there before to establish the long-term effects of sexual assault. The rape victims were assessed against 100 non abused control subjects on their scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Inventory, and the modified Fear Survey Interview.   This article provides a good background for establishing behavior patterns of victims of rape. Santiago, Patricia (2005). Effects of a Rape Experience: A Longitudinal Study Journal of Social Issues Volume 37, Issue 4, 105-22 This paper gives results of a longitudinal exploration of the reactions exhibited by victims of rapes. The study, evaluated 20 victims of rape at 1 month, 5 months and one year after the occurrence of rape. The study compares the results with a similar number of non rape victims. In his findings, the author says that victims of rape were found to be more anxious than the control group. However, he reports considerable difference on variables such as personality and mood state. Just as Resick et al (2009), the author observes that these behaviors have a big influence on future relationships. According to their findings, the authors found that rape victims tended to be more depressed, more anxious and fearful than control subjects. They also found out that only one variable had a higher level of depression and anxiety; those who had been previously molested. This work is essential because it provides empirical evidence on some of the observed behaviors of victims of rape and how the be havior influences relationships in general.

Growing Managers Group Case Analysis Essay - 1266 Words

Growing Managers Group Case Analysis The motivational models which would prove most effective in turning the Phoenix sales team around and setting the team on a more prosperous path would be motivational models focusing on changing behaviors and promoting results. Implementing the Goal-Setting Model and the Reinforcement Model would accomplish both feats. Melissa Richardson needs to exert authority and assertiveness over her sales team. She needs to assess her team members’ strengths and weaknesses in order to effectively and efficiently assess the job design and job analysis based on the employees’ skill level. This process sets up goal specificity. Alex Hoffman is a go getter and a top seller of the annual and perennial color†¦show more content†¦Performance is greater when people have specific goals. Richardson would need to give weekly feedback to the staff to let them know if they are on course to achieve the goals or if any adjustments need to be made to the goals. It also shows staff that Richardson is interested in their individual success as well as the success of the Phoenix unit. Collaborating with the staff to set their respective goals will make them more invested in their duties and make them personally committed to achieving their goals. Typically when an employee is committed to a goal he or she will be persistent in attempting to accomplish the goal. It is imperative for Richardson and corporate to come up with an action plan for the Phoenix office. Action plans facilitate goal accomplishment, serves as a blueprint for what employees should be working on, and leads to goal-relevant behavior. Employees should also develop their own action plans to facilitate their individual commitment and give them a sense of being an integral part of the goal setting process. The SMART pneumonic reminds us that goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant or realistic and timely. In Richardson’s case these goals should span from work outpu t to office etiquette. 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Implementation of Lean

Question: Provide a critical discussion on the implementation of lean which addresses the following questions: 1) Is there a best way to implement lean? (50%) 2) Are all organisations suitable for lean implementation? (50%) You are expected to provide appropriate examples to illustrate your answers. Answer: Introduction According to (_) for designing an efficient production system the management of any organisation should address three major issues namely removal of production wastes, reduction of waiting time and management of inventory levels. For effective management of the operations, the organisations generally adopt three types of production systems namely Just-in-Time approach (JIT), Toyota Production System (TPS) and Lena production management. The JIT focuses on reduction of wastes and control of inventory by supplying inventory as per the order of the customers. The TPS on the contrary emphasises on continuous improvement of the production process, improves the working standards and evolves a situation of mutual workplace respect among the organisation. Lena management is the combination of TPS and JIT and along with that lean operations aims to supply the products with zero defects and zero waste levels. At present lean management is being used by all types of organisations including heal th care (NHS), manufacturing (Ford and Toyota), services ( ABN-Amro) and computer manufacturing companies (Dell). The assignment here focuses on the analysis of suitability of lean and JIT in all types of organisations. Further, the assignment will also focus on the analysis of the best method in which lean can be implemented within these organisations. Background of Lean management (_) stated that Lean management aims to remove the wastes and process that do not add any value to the product. The current implementation of lean management had originated from the Toyota Production system where the company used the JIT approach for production of waste free products. The success of the TPS and JIT in Toyota made lean management famous among the other manufacturing companies. Unlike the American automotive industry, Toyota encouraged employees to be a part of the production process. With the use of the lean management, Toyota had developed set of procedures that reduced the machine setup time and changeovers. Before the implementation of lean by Toyota, during 1915, Ford Motor Corporation adopted the lean manufacturing for development of the mass manufacturing system. Toyotas adoption of lean was based on elimination of three major types of wastes namely Muri (Overburden), Mura (production process inconsistency) and Muda (elimination of production waste). The popularity of lean has provoked the different sectors namely the health care, the service industries and the computer manufacturing companies to adopt lean within their management process. (_) stated that the healthcare organisations like NHS adopted lean for reduction of excessive motion within the hospital floors, over production, reduction of patient waiting time and reduction of defects like hospital conditions and patient conditions. Best process of lean implementation Lean strategy is on demand in the industry of manufacturing and it involves a series of activities for the minimization of waste and allows NVA or the Non Value Added operations from the production, product design and product relation and factory management for the improvement of the value added processes. There are numbers of companies are there who have been adopted lean the strategies with the growing trend and flow of time. As per the company requirements there are numbers of lean strategies have been adapted by numbers of companies so far. The main focus goes when there is over production, numbers of defects that have been identified so far, weaken inventory system, lots of waiting time, taking too much of transposition cost, huge amount of processing over head. Henceforth, to eliminate the failure behind the lean practices and make it effective it is required to make the effective implementation of desired methodology there should be numbers of testing before the implementation of a particular lean strategy. There are three key principles behind the implementation of lean strategy, those are- value identification, waste elimination, proper flow of work within the organization. While values are concerned, it is required to identify the customer defined value. It is also required to optimize the value stream so that it can create the utmost situation for the flow of business processes across the organization. Even by generating a demand pull will allow synchronize the customer demand and let information flow across the organization. On the other hand perfection of each of the products, services is require to satisfy customer as well as to maintain the Suitability of lean implementation in different organisations (_) stated that concept of lean implementation is applicable to all organisations since the aim of lean is to improve the production process and add quality to the products along with customisation of the products. However, (_) stated that implementation of lean management comprises of various challenges on the part of the organisation, hence it is difficult for all types of organisation to implement lean principles within their production system. (_) stated that lean manufacturing includes elimination of the inventory storage time with the help of implementation of JIT approach. However, for the JIT approach to successfully function, the organisations are required to co ordinate with the suppliers constantly. For companies like Coca Cola, the adoption of JIT will put the company into trouble because Coke operates on a global basis and the suppliers of Coke are scattered over different countries. Thus, it is not possible for the company to contact with the suppliers and order as per the demand of the customers. Further (_) supported the argument stating that in manufacturing companies like Nike, Toyota and Ford, the identification of wastes is a relatively easy method. However, in case of service industries like financial service companies, the identification of waste is very difficult.

The impact of Western society on the music cultures of other societies in the world

Introduction The impact of the Western Society has been argued to be quite in immense throughout the human history. Regardless the magnitude of influence, it is impossible for a person or society to claim immunity against the penetration and ultimate influence on the Western Society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of Western society on the music cultures of other societies in the world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most amazing thing is that all these aspects of our identities carry either visible or invisible elements of the Western Society. Nevertheless, of great significance has been the evolution of music cultures in different world regions. If any region of the world was to analyze its music culture today and compare it with what is used to be considered as a culture decades ago, what the would be observed is a substantive and quantifiable magnitude of change (Eaton 360). This essay, there fore, discusses the impact of the Western Society on the music cultures of societies from at least two world regions covered in the course. Australasia Oceania The following segments explain the components of Australian music culture, including musical instruments, songs and some of the functions in which music plays a fundamental role. Wangga This is a traditional music genre in Australia that originated from the northern region of the country several years ago. The song is mainly played during the certain functions like circumcision of boys, disposing the property of a deceased person or for a general entertainment in the country. Traditionally, the song is believed to be delivered to songmen by spirits at night in the form of dreams. Like any other music, Wangga has several musical characteristics like text and vocables that are strophic coupled with melodic lines that are short, below eight octaves (Richards 19).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accompanied with Didjeridu which maintains a constant drone, the music derives its metric feel from clap sticks, although the music is generally non-metric. It is important to note that ritual songs play a core role in the lives of Australians and those who misuse them risk being attacked by spirits, as described by the traditionalists. Although this was the trend decades ago, the original role and recognition of Wangga and other traditional music genres is fading off (Richards 188). Due to the systematic racism that was propagated by different people like Captain Cook, Australian music culture has continuously been placed on the verge of being overshadowed by the external cultures from Western countries and other parts of the world. What are some of the factors that have contributed to this? Australian music has been affected by immigrants from the West. Being a country dominated by immigrants, the initial cult ure of the country has been eroded for advancing ethnocentric agenda against the natives. For instance, Euro-Australian prohibition of the Aboriginal languages was a way of ensuring that cultural identity of the Aboriginals was faced out from the front and replaced by a hybrid culture that demonstrated the elements of immigrants and the Western world (Davis 230). Another way in which the Western Society has influenced the Australian music culture is through education. With the coming of European missionaries to Australia, several things changed including the education system which inclined to the West, leaving the culture a compromised and unstable state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of Western society on the music cultures of other societies in the world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The education system also emphasized the use of foreign and international languages, thus lowering the power of native young people to learn and appreciate their music culture without Western interference (Bennett 80). Australia has maintained its ties with European countries for trade and other economic relationships. As a result, several foreign forms of culture have found a way into the country, carrying people away from what they knew as cultural music (Davis 226). The impact of all these can be seen through several manifestations in Australian music. For instance, many young Aboriginals are unable to learn ritual practices and the role of music that is currently known to a few elderly people in the country. Many youths have been influenced by hip-hop culture and other English songs. In general, Australian music culture has been affected through the abandonment of Aboriginal language, introduction of Western education, industrialization and trade. Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa comprises people who speak different languages and subscribe to various music genres (May 172). In other words, the music culture of the region cannot be described in general as it is a network of interlaced cultural fibers. Another aspect of Sub-Saharan Africa music culture is its high level of localizations and customized traditions that are usually unique to a given group of people. This is to say that one village may not be able to recognize the importance of their neighbors’ culture because of its uniqueness. The question which we need to answer is whether there are any unifying features within the music culture of Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been found that Sub-Saharan African music depends on layered parts, which may be shared among several songs unlike in other cases where music is main feature in the independent layered parts (May 179).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach involves playing of different music strands simultaneously to produce vertical complexity that is felt through the texture of music. Other features include rhythmic complexity, polymetre and repetition of certain parts during a presentation. Many Africans argue that Western Music is mono-rhythmic, a property that makes it boring and unappealing. As noted earlier, Sub-Saharan Africa is made of different groups of people who have different economies and different music. As a result, they have a wide range of adaptive strategies for meeting their daily needs. They have different music sounds, practices and support systems to sustain them. For instance, inhabitants of the rain forest region do not specialize in any music and embrace simple technology. On the other hand, the pygmies have few instruments, which are played by specialists. They also clap during musical performances with their music making use of vocables (May 172). Unlike the inhabitants of the two regions abo ve, forest dwellers are musically organized with a wide variety of musical instruments. Additionally, they have moderated music specialization that allows them to have customized music organization. Even though some Sub-Saharan Africans do not have music organization and specialization, their music has become popular in the world, drawing the attention of people from other regions. For instance, Kora, a common string instrument in West Africa has gained popularity in global â€Å"world music† (Kubik 432). With increasing demand and attention for Sub-Saharan African music, the region has witnessed cases of commercialization and commoditization of its music by musicians from other cultures around the globe. Many believe that Sub-Saharan African music culture has inspired several musicians from the West through cultural interaction and other mutual relationships. Because of the richness of Sub-Saharan African music, other cultures have borrowed from it without any form of attrib ution. This is common with Jazz, pop and blues which the Western Society significantly borrowed from Sub-Saharan Africa region. How the western music has infiltrated into Australian and African Music The first and very clear element showing the infiltration of the western music culture into the African as well as Australian music are the musical instruments used. Gradually, the African music instruments are being relegated to the museums as musicians adopt the modern westernized music instruments. The same case is seen to apply in the Australian context. This has led to the composers of native music from Africa as well as from Australia adopting some of the modern music instruments in composing the native music (Scaruffi 1). Another element that is quite clear is the purpose of music. In most cases, western music is purely meant for entertainment but the African and Australian music serves more than the entertainment purpose. Music in the African context played a specific purpose, f or instance, there are circumcision songs, which were only sung during a specified period, and planting songs were only meant for the planting seasons. It is evident that of late, music in Africa and Australia is continuously being composed to serve all season around and, in particular, to entertain. In the African context, funeral songs, for example, could only be sung during funeral moments but with the infiltration of the western music, funeral songs have been modified to be sang all year round irrespective of the season at hand. African and Australia native music was quite conservative and selective in their audience and the choice of words used by the composer. For instance, there was music, specifically for children which old people could not sing at all. This is slowly changing and music is being shaped to be all rounded. There were some words, which could not be found in music; words which directly referred to actions of sex and other related words were avoided but the curre nt trend is that these are the words which are becoming the catchwords (Nettl 237). Mostly, western music has much to do with being â€Å"flashy† in contrast to native African and Australian music. In Africa, it has however become a fact that at least some degree of flashiness has to form part of the music (Scaruffi 1). Conclusion As an element of human identity human culture has continuously evolved throughout history. Consequently, no single region in the world today can claim to have an original and pure culture free from any form of external infiltrations. Through various forms of interactions among countries and communities, different elements are shared among people, making it possible to appreciate other people’s identity. Notably, the Western Society has tremendously impacted cultures of other regions. From the above analysis, Sub-Saharan Africa and Australian music culture represent several other cultures of the world which have been influenced. Due to globali zation and other factors, the Western culture has infiltrated into other regions as manifested through global recognition of hip-hop and jazz cultures, which have Western roots. Works Cited Bennett, Tony. Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions. London: Routledge, 1993. Print. Davis, Geoffrey. ArÃŒ ²atjara: aboriginal culture and literature in Australia. Bulgaria: Rodopi, 1997. Print. Eaton, David. The Influence of Music on Self and Society – Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures. The Words of the Eaton Family, 2003. Web. Kubik, Gerhard. Theory of African Music, Volume 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. Print. May, Elizabeth. Musics of many cultures: an introduction, Part 1. California: University of California Press, 1983. Print. Nettl, Bruno. â€Å"Ibo Songs from Nigeria, Native and Hybridized.† Midwest Folklore 3.4 (1953): 237-242. Richards, Fiona. The soundscapes of Australia: music, place and spirituality. Farnham: Ashgate Pu blishing, Ltd., 2007. Print. Scaruffi, Piero. â€Å"A Brief summary of African Popular Music.† Scaruffi Articles, 2002. Web. https://www.scaruffi.com/history/african.html. 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